Python list common operations

Examples Python3

1.list definitions

>>> li = ["a", "b", "mpilgrim", "z", "example"]
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[1]         
'b'

2.list negative index

>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[-1] 
'example'
>>> li[-3] 
'mpilgrim'
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[1:3]  
['b', 'mpilgrim'] 
>>> li[1:-1] 
['b', 'mpilgrim', 'z'] 
>>> li[0:3]  
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim'] 

3.list add elements

>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li.append("new")
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
>>> li.insert(2, "new")
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
>>> li.extend(["two", "elements"]) 
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']

4.list search

>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.index("example")
5
>>> li.index("new")
2
>>> li.index("c")
Traceback (innermost last):
 File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list
>>> "c" in li
False

5.list remove elements

>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.remove("z")  
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.remove("new")    # 删除首次出现的一个值
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']    # 第二个 'new' 未删除
>>> li.remove("c")     #list 中没有找到值, Python 会引发一个异常
Traceback (innermost last): 
 File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ? 
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
>>> li.pop()      # pop 会做两件事: 删除 list 的最后一个元素, 然后返回删除元素的值。
'elements'
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two']

6.list operator

>>> li = ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li = li + ['example', 'new']
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new']
>>> li += ['two']         
>>> li 
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two']
>>> li = [1, 2] * 3
>>> li 
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2] 

7. Use the join link list to a string

>>> params = {"server":"mpilgrim", "database":"master", "uid":"sa", "pwd":"secret"}
>>> ["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()]
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> ";".join(["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()])
'server=mpilgrim;uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret'

join works only on a list of strings; it does not do any type coercion. A connection to one or more non-string elements are present in the list raises an exception.

8.list split the string

>>> li = ['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> s = ";".join(li)
>>> s 
'server=mpilgrim;uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret'
>>> s.split(";")   
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> s.split(";", 1) 
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret']

split and join contrary, splitting a string into a multi-element list.

Note that the delimiter ( ";") is stripped out completely, it does not appear in the list of any element returned.

split takes an optional second argument, which is the number of times to split.

9.list analytic mapping

>>> li = [1, 9, 8, 4] 
>>> [elem*2 for elem in li]    
[2, 18, 16, 8] 
>>> li
[1, 9, 8, 4] 
>>> li = [elem*2 for elem in li] 
>>> li 
[2, 18, 16, 8] 

The analytical 10.dictionary

>>> params = {"server":"mpilgrim", "database":"master", "uid":"sa", "pwd":"secret"}
>>> params.keys()
['server', 'uid', 'database', 'pwd']
>>> params.values()
['mpilgrim', 'sa', 'master', 'secret']
>>> params.items()
[('server', 'mpilgrim'), ('uid', 'sa'), ('database', 'master'), ('pwd', 'secret')]
>>> [k for k, v in params.items()]
['server', 'uid', 'database', 'pwd']
>>> [v for k, v in params.items()]
['mpilgrim', 'sa', 'master', 'secret']
>>> ["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()]
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']

11.list filter

>>> li = ["a", "mpilgrim", "foo", "b", "c", "b", "d", "d"]
>>> [elem for elem in li if len(elem) > 1]
['mpilgrim', 'foo']
>>> [elem for elem in li if elem != "b"]
['a', 'mpilgrim', 'foo', 'c', 'd', 'd']
>>> [elem for elem in li if li.count(elem) == 1]
['a', 'mpilgrim', 'foo', 'c']

Examples Python3