Java Examples - Deadlock and Solution
Deadlock is a situation: a plurality of threads are blocked, one or all of them are waiting for a resource to be released. Since the thread is blocked indefinitely, so the program can not be terminated normally.
Four necessary conditions java Deadlock:
- 1, exclusive use, that is, when the resource is a thread (possession), other threads can not be used
- 2, can not seize the resource requester can not be forced to seize resources from the hands of possession of resources, resources, resources can only be released by the initiative occupants.
- 3, requests, and maintaining that when the resource requestor while requesting additional resources to maintain possession of the original resource.
- 4, wait cycle, i.e., there is a queue: P1 P2 occupies resources, P2 and P3 resources possession, the P1 P3 share of resources. Thus forming a wait loop.
When these four conditions are fulfilled, then a deadlock. Of course, if the case of a deadlock to break any of these conditions, you can let the deadlock disappear. Use the following code to simulate what java deadlock produce.
Solution to the deadlock problem is: one is synchronized, one is to use explicit locks for Lock.
If improper use of locks, and the screen at the same time when you want to lock multiple objects, there will be a deadlock situation, as follows:
/*
author by w3cschool.cc
LockTest.java
*/
import java.util.Date;
public class LockTest {
public static String obj1 = "obj1";
public static String obj2 = "obj2";
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockA la = new LockA();
new Thread(la).start();
LockB lb = new LockB();
new Thread(lb).start();
}
}
class LockA implements Runnable{
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行");
while(true){
synchronized (LockTest.obj1) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给B能锁住机会
synchronized (LockTest.obj2) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class LockB implements Runnable{
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行");
while(true){
synchronized (LockTest.obj2) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给A能锁住机会
synchronized (LockTest.obj1) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
The above code is run output is:
Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockB 开始执行 Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockA 开始执行 Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockB 锁住 obj2 Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1
At this deadlock.
To solve this problem, we do not use to display the locks, we use semaphores to control.
Semaphore can control how many threads can access resources, we specify here can only be one thread access, you do a similar lock. The semaphore can specify a timeout to get, we can according to the time-out, do an extra treatment.
The case can not obtain, the general is to repeat the attempt, or specify the number of attempts, you can exit immediately.
Look at the following code:
/*
author by w3cschool.cc
UnLockTest.java
*/
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class UnLockTest {
public static String obj1 = "obj1";
public static final Semaphore a1 = new Semaphore(1);
public static String obj2 = "obj2";
public static final Semaphore a2 = new Semaphore(1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockAa la = new LockAa();
new Thread(la).start();
LockBb lb = new LockBb();
new Thread(lb).start();
}
}
class LockAa implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行");
while (true) {
if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1");
if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something
}else{
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockA 锁 obj2 失败");
}
}else{
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockA 锁 obj1 失败");
}
UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放
UnLockTest.a2.release();
Thread.sleep(1000); // 马上进行尝试，现实情况下do something是不确定的
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class LockBb implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行");
while (true) {
if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2");
if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something
}else{
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockB 锁 obj1 失败");
}
}else{
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockB 锁 obj2 失败");
}
UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放
UnLockTest.a2.release();
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000); // 这里只是为了演示，所以tryAcquire只用1秒，而且B要给A让出能执行的时间，否则两个永远是死锁
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Examples of the above code output structure:
Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockA 开始执行 Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockB 开始执行 Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockB 锁住 obj2 Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1 Tue May 05 10:59:14 CST 2015LockB 锁 obj1 失败 Tue May 05 10:59:14 CST 2015LockA 锁 obj2 失败 Tue May 05 10:59:15 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1 Tue May 05 10:59:15 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj2