perintah sudo Linux
Linux sudo perintah sebagai administrator sistem untuk eksekusi instruksi, yaitu, melalui perintah sudo dijalankan seperti akar pribadi dieksekusi.
Akses Pengguna telah muncul di / etc / sudoers di.
tatabahasa
sudo -V
sudo -h
sudo -l
sudo -v
sudo -k
sudo -s
sudo -H
sudo [ -b ] [ -p prompt ] [ -u username/#uid] -s
sudo command
Parameter Deskripsi:
- Nomor versi -V Tampilan
- h menampilkan nomor versi dan petunjuk untuk petunjuk penggunaan
- menunjukkan l di kanan mereka sendiri (untuk melakukan pengguna sudo)
- Karena sudo -v pada eksekusi pertama atau tidak dijalankan dalam N menit (N default adalah lima) akan meminta password, parameter ini sekali lagi menegaskan bahwa, jika lebih dari N menit, akan meminta kata sandi
- -k akan meminta password (atau tanpa lebih dari N menit) kali Anda menjalankan memaksa pengguna sudo
- instruksi -b akan dieksekusi di latar belakang
- cepat-p dapat meminta untuk mengubah password prompt, di mana% u akan diganti dengan nama akun pengguna,% h akan menampilkan nama host
- -u username / # uid tanpa parameter ini, perwakilan untuk menjalankan perintah sebagai root, dan menambahkan parameter ini, Anda dapat menjalankan perintah dengan identitas nama pengguna (#uid untuk username dari jumlah pengguna)
- -s variabel eksekusi lingkungan ditentukan dalam shell SHELL, atau / etc / passwd di shell ditentukan
- -H Dalam lingkungan RUMAH (direktori home) variabel ditentukan untuk mengubah identitas direktori pengguna rumah (jika tidak menambahkan -u parameter root system administrator)
- Untuk perintah identitas administrator sistem (atau u mengubah orang lain) instruksi yang akan dieksekusi
contoh
perintah sudo
$ sudo ls [sudo] password for hnlinux: hnlinux is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
Menentukan pengguna untuk menjalankan perintah
# sudo -u userb ls -l
Pengaturan tampilan sudo
$ sudo -L //显示sudo设置 Available options in a sudoers ``Defaults'' line: syslog: Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging syslog_goodpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully syslog_badpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully long_otp_prompt: Put OTP prompt on its own line ignore_dot: Ignore '.' in $PATH mail_always: Always send mail when sudo is run mail_badpass: Send mail if user authentication fails mail_no_user: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers mail_no_host: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers for this host mail_no_perms: Send mail if the user is not allowed to run a command tty_tickets: Use a separate timestamp for each user/tty combo lecture: Lecture user the first time they run sudo lecture_file: File containing the sudo lecture authenticate: Require users to authenticate by default root_sudo: Root may run sudo log_host: Log the hostname in the (non-syslog) log file log_year: Log the year in the (non-syslog) log file shell_noargs: If sudo is invoked with no arguments, start a shell set_home: Set $HOME to the target user when starting a shell with -s always_set_home: Always set $HOME to the target user's home directory path_info: Allow some information gathering to give useful error messages fqdn: Require fully-qualified hostnames in the sudoers file insults: Insult the user when they enter an incorrect password requiretty: Only allow the user to run sudo if they have a tty env_editor: Visudo will honor the EDITOR environment variable rootpw: Prompt for root's password, not the users's runaspw: Prompt for the runas_default user's password, not the users's targetpw: Prompt for the target user's password, not the users's use_loginclass: Apply defaults in the target user's login class if there is one set_logname: Set the LOGNAME and USER environment variables stay_setuid: Only set the effective uid to the target user, not the real uid preserve_groups: Don't initialize the group vector to that of the target user loglinelen: Length at which to wrap log file lines (0 for no wrap) timestamp_timeout: Authentication timestamp timeout passwd_timeout: Password prompt timeout passwd_tries: Number of tries to enter a password umask: Umask to use or 0777 to use user's logfile: Path to log file mailerpath: Path to mail program mailerflags: Flags for mail program mailto: Address to send mail to mailfrom: Address to send mail from mailsub: Subject line for mail messages badpass_message: Incorrect password message timestampdir: Path to authentication timestamp dir timestampowner: Owner of the authentication timestamp dir exempt_group: Users in this group are exempt from password and PATH requirements passprompt: Default password prompt passprompt_override: If set, passprompt will override system prompt in all cases. runas_default: Default user to run commands as secure_path: Value to override user's $PATH with editor: Path to the editor for use by visudo listpw: When to require a password for 'list' pseudocommand verifypw: When to require a password for 'verify' pseudocommand noexec: Preload the dummy exec functions contained in 'noexec_file' noexec_file: File containing dummy exec functions ignore_local_sudoers: If LDAP directory is up, do we ignore local sudoers file closefrom: File descriptors >= %d will be closed before executing a command closefrom_override: If set, users may override the value of `closefrom' with the -C option setenv: Allow users to set arbitrary environment variables env_reset: Reset the environment to a default set of variables env_check: Environment variables to check for sanity env_delete: Environment variables to remove env_keep: Environment variables to preserve role: SELinux role to use in the new security context type: SELinux type to use in the new security context askpass: Path to the askpass helper program env_file: Path to the sudo-specific environment file sudoers_locale: Locale to use while parsing sudoers visiblepw: Allow sudo to prompt for a password even if it would be visisble pwfeedback: Provide visual feedback at the password prompt when there is user input fast_glob: Use faster globbing that is less accurate but does not access the filesystem umask_override: The umask specified in sudoers will override the user's, even if it is more permissive
Dengan hak akses root untuk menjalankan perintah pada
$ sudo !!
Sebagai pengguna tertentu untuk mengedit teks
$ sudo -u uggc vi ~www/index.html //以 uggc 用户身份编辑 home 目录下www目录中的 index.html 文件
Daftar memiliki izin
sudo -l
Daftar informasi versi untuk sudo
sudo -V