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ionic 創建APP

前面的章節中我們已經學會了ionic 框架如何導入到項目中。

接下來我們將為大家介紹如何創建一個ionic APP 應用。

ionic 創建APP 使用HTML、CSS 和Javascript 來構建,所以我們可以創建一個www 目錄,並在目錄下創建index.html 文件,代碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Todo</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">

    <link href="lib/ionic/css/ionic.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <script src="lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.js"></script>

    <!-- 在使用 Cordova/PhoneGap 创建的 APP 中包含的文件,由 Cordova/PhoneGap 提供,(开发过程中显示 404) -->
    <script src="cordova.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

以上代碼中,我們引入了Ionic CSS 文件、 Ionic JS 文件及Ionic AngularJS 擴展ionic.bundle.js(ionic.bundle.js)。

ionic.bundle.js 文件已經包含了Ionic核心JS、AngularJS、Ionic的AngularJS擴展,如果你需要引入其他Angular 模塊,可以從lib/js/angular 目錄中調用。

cordova.js 是在使用Cordova/PhoneGap 創建應用時生成的,不需要手動引入,你可以在Cordova/PhoneGap 項目中找到該文件,所以在開發過程中顯示404 是正常的。


創建APP

接下來我們來實現一個包含標題、側邊欄、列表等的應用,設計圖如下:

創建側邊欄

側邊欄創建使用ion-side-menus 控制器。

編輯我們先前創建的index.html 文件,修改<body> 內的內容,如下所示:

<body>
  <ion-side-menus>
    <ion-side-menu-content>
    </ion-side-menu-content>
    <ion-side-menu side="left">
    </ion-side-menu>
  </ion-side-menus>
</body>

控制器解析:

  • ion-side-menus:是一個帶有邊欄菜單的容器,可以通過點擊按鈕或者滑動屏幕來展開菜單。
  • ion-side-menu-content :展示主要內容的容器,可以通過滑動屏幕來展開menu。
  • ion-side-menu :存放側邊欄的容器。

初始化APP

接下來我們創建一個新的AngularJS 模塊,並初始化,代碼位於www/js/app.js 中:

angular.module('todo', ['ionic'])

之後在我們的body 標籤中添加ng-app 屬性:

<body ng-app="todo">

在index.html 文件的<script src="cordova.js"></script> 上面引入app.js 文件:

<script src="js/app.js"></script>

修改index.html 文件body 標籤的內容,代碼如下所示:

<body ng-app="todo">
  <ion-side-menus>

    <!-- 中心内容 -->
    <ion-side-menu-content>
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
        <h1 class="title">Todo</h1>
      </ion-header-bar>
      <ion-content>
      </ion-content>
    </ion-side-menu-content>

    <!-- 左侧菜单 -->
    <ion-side-menu side="left">
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
        <h1 class="title">Projects</h1>
      </ion-header-bar>
    </ion-side-menu>

  </ion-side-menus>
</body>

嘗試一下»

以上步驟我們已經完成了ionic 基本APP 的應用。


創建列表

首先創建一個控制器TodoCtrl :

<body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl">

在app.js文件中,使用控制器定義列表數據:

angular.module('todo', ['ionic'])

.controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope) {
  $scope.tasks = [
    { title: '本教程' },
    { title: 'www.w3big.com' },
    { title: '本教程' },
    { title: 'www.w3big.com' }
  ];
});

在index.html頁面中數據列表我們使用Angular ng-repeat 來迭代數據:

<!-- 中心内容 -->
<ion-side-menu-content>
  <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
    <h1 class="title">Todo</h1>
  </ion-header-bar>
  <ion-content>
    <!-- 列表 -->
    <ion-list>
      <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks">
        {{task.title}}
      </ion-item>
    </ion-list>
  </ion-content>
</ion-side-menu-content>

修改後index.html body 標籤內代碼如下:

 <body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl">
    <ion-side-menus>

    <!-- 中心内容 -->
    <ion-side-menu-content>
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
        <h1 class="title">Todo</h1>
      </ion-header-bar>
      <ion-content>
        <!-- 列表 -->
        <ion-list>
          <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks">
            {{task.title}}
          </ion-item>
        </ion-list>
      </ion-content>
    </ion-side-menu-content>

    <!-- 左侧菜单 -->
    <ion-side-menu side="left">
      <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
        <h1 class="title">Projects</h1>
      </ion-header-bar>
    </ion-side-menu>

    </ion-side-menus>
    <script src="http://www.w3big.com/static/ionic/js/app.js"></script>
    <script src="cordova.js"></script>
</body>

嘗試一下»


創建添加頁面

修改index.html在</ion-side-menus>後添加如下代碼:

<script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template">

  <div class="modal">

    <!-- Modal header bar -->
    <ion-header-bar class="bar-secondary">
      <h1 class="title">New Task</h1>
      <button class="button button-clear button-positive" ng-click="closeNewTask()">Cancel</button>
    </ion-header-bar>

    <!-- Modal content area -->
    <ion-content>

      <form ng-submit="createTask(task)">
        <div class="list">
          <label class="item item-input">
            <input type="text" placeholder="What do you need to do?" ng-model="task.title">
          </label>
        </div>
        <div class="padding">
          <button type="submit" class="button button-block button-positive">Create Task</button>
        </div>
      </form>

    </ion-content>

  </div>

</script>

以上代碼中我們通過<script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template">定義了新的模板頁面。

表單提交時觸發createTask(task) 函數。

ng-model="task.title" 會將表單的輸入數據賦值給task 對象的title 屬性。

修改<ion-side-menu-content>內的內容,代碼如下:

<!-- 中心内容 -->
<ion-side-menu-content>
<ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
  <h1 class="title">Todo</h1>
  <!-- 新增按钮-->
  <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()">
    <i class="icon ion-compose"></i>
  </button>
</ion-header-bar>
<ion-content>
  <!-- 列表 -->
  <ion-list>
    <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks">
      {{task.title}}
    </ion-item>
  </ion-list>
</ion-content>
</ion-side-menu-content>

app.js 文件中,控制器代碼如下:

angular.module('todo', ['ionic'])

.controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $ionicModal) {
  $scope.tasks = [
    { title: '本教程' },
    { title: 'www.w3big.com' },
    { title: '本教程' },
    { title: 'www.w3big.com' }
  ];

  // 创建并载入模型
  $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) {
    $scope.taskModal = modal;
  }, {
    scope: $scope,
    animation: 'slide-in-up'
  });

  // 表单提交时调用
  $scope.createTask = function(task) {
    $scope.tasks.push({
      title: task.title
    });
    $scope.taskModal.hide();
    task.title = "";
  };

  // 打开新增的模型
  $scope.newTask = function() {
    $scope.taskModal.show();
  };

  // 关闭新增的模型
  $scope.closeNewTask = function() {
    $scope.taskModal.hide();
  };
});

創建側邊欄

通過以上步驟我們已經實現了新增功能,現在我們為app 添加側邊欄功能。

修改<ion-side-menu-content>內的內容,代碼如下:

<!-- 中心内容 -->
<ion-side-menu-content>
  <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
    <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()">
      <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i>
    </button>
    <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1>
    <!-- 新增按钮 -->
    <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()">
      <i class="icon ion-compose"></i>
    </button>
  </ion-header-bar>
  <ion-content scroll="false">
    <ion-list>
      <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks">
        {{task.title}}
      </ion-item>
    </ion-list>
  </ion-content>
</ion-side-menu-content>

添加側邊欄:

<!-- 左边栏 -->
<ion-side-menu side="left">
<ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
  <h1 class="title">Projects</h1>
  <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()">
  </button>
</ion-header-bar>
<ion-content scroll="false">
  <ion-list>
    <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}">
      {{project.title}}
    </ion-item>
  </ion-list>
</ion-content>
</ion-side-menu>

<ion-item> 中的ng-class 指令設置菜單激活樣式。

這裡我們創建一個新的js 文件app2.js(為了不與前面的混淆),代碼如下:

angular.module('todo', ['ionic'])
/**
 * The Projects factory handles saving and loading projects
 * from local storage, and also lets us save and load the
 * last active project index.
 */
.factory('Projects', function() {
  return {
    all: function() {
      var projectString = window.localStorage['projects'];
      if(projectString) {
        return angular.fromJson(projectString);
      }
      return [];
    },
    save: function(projects) {
      window.localStorage['projects'] = angular.toJson(projects);
    },
    newProject: function(projectTitle) {
      // Add a new project
      return {
        title: projectTitle,
        tasks: []
      };
    },
    getLastActiveIndex: function() {
      return parseInt(window.localStorage['lastActiveProject']) || 0;
    },
    setLastActiveIndex: function(index) {
      window.localStorage['lastActiveProject'] = index;
    }
  }
})

.controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $timeout, $ionicModal, Projects, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) {

  // A utility function for creating a new project
  // with the given projectTitle
  var createProject = function(projectTitle) {
    var newProject = Projects.newProject(projectTitle);
    $scope.projects.push(newProject);
    Projects.save($scope.projects);
    $scope.selectProject(newProject, $scope.projects.length-1);
  }


  // Load or initialize projects
  $scope.projects = Projects.all();

  // Grab the last active, or the first project
  $scope.activeProject = $scope.projects[Projects.getLastActiveIndex()];

  // Called to create a new project
  $scope.newProject = function() {
    var projectTitle = prompt('Project name');
    if(projectTitle) {
      createProject(projectTitle);
    }
  };

  // Called to select the given project
  $scope.selectProject = function(project, index) {
    $scope.activeProject = project;
    Projects.setLastActiveIndex(index);
    $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(false);
  };

  // Create our modal
  $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) {
    $scope.taskModal = modal;
  }, {
    scope: $scope
  });

  $scope.createTask = function(task) {
    if(!$scope.activeProject || !task) {
      return;
    }
    $scope.activeProject.tasks.push({
      title: task.title
    });
    $scope.taskModal.hide();

    // Inefficient, but save all the projects
    Projects.save($scope.projects);

    task.title = "";
  };

  $scope.newTask = function() {
    $scope.taskModal.show();
  };

  $scope.closeNewTask = function() {
    $scope.taskModal.hide();
  }

  $scope.toggleProjects = function() {
    $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft();
  };


  // Try to create the first project, make sure to defer
  // this by using $timeout so everything is initialized
  // properly
  $timeout(function() {
    if($scope.projects.length == 0) {
      while(true) {
        var projectTitle = prompt('Your first project title:');
        if(projectTitle) {
          createProject(projectTitle);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  });

});

body 中ion-side-menus 代碼如下::

<ion-side-menus>

<!-- 中心内容 -->
<ion-side-menu-content>
  <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
    <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()">
      <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i>
    </button>
    <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1>
    <!-- 新增按钮 -->
    <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()">
      <i class="icon ion-compose"></i>
    </button>
  </ion-header-bar>
  <ion-content scroll="false">
    <ion-list>
      <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks">
        {{task.title}}
      </ion-item>
    </ion-list>
  </ion-content>
</ion-side-menu-content>

<!-- 左边栏 -->
<ion-side-menu side="left">
<ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
  <h1 class="title">Projects</h1>
  <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()">
  </button>
</ion-header-bar>
<ion-content scroll="false">
  <ion-list>
    <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}">
      {{project.title}}
    </ion-item>
  </ion-list>
</ion-content>
</ion-side-menu>

</ion-side-menus>

嘗試一下»