C ++ data types

Basic built-in types

C ++ programmer provides a variety of built-in data types and user-defined data types. The following table lists the seven basic C ++ data types:

Some basic types can use one or more types of modifiers modified:

• signed
• unsigned
• short
• long

The following table shows the maximum and minimum memory, and the variables of this type in the various types of variables when the value stored in memory can store needs to occupy.

Can be learned from the table, the size of the variable will vary depending on the compiler and the computer being used.

The following examples will output on your computer the size of a variety of data types.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
   cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;
   cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
   cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
   cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl;
   return 0;
}

This example usesendl, which will insert a line break after each line, << operator is used to pass multiple values to the screen.We also usesizeof () function to get the size of the various data types.

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results, the results will vary depending on the computer you are using:

Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of long int : 4
Size of float : 4
Size of double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4

typedef statement

You can usetypedef to a type already taken a new name.Here is typedef to define a new type of syntax:

typedef type newname; 

For example, the following statement will tell the compiler, feet is another name for an int:

typedef int feet;

Now, the following statement is perfectly legal, it creates an integer variable distance:

feet distance;

Enumerated type

Enum type (enumeration) is a C ++ in a derived data type, which is a collection of several enum constant defined by the user.

If a variable is only a few possible values ​​can be defined as an enumeration (enumeration) type. Within the scope of the so-called "enumeration" refers to the value of the variable list them out, the values ​​of variables can only be enumerated values.

Create enumeration, use the keywordenum.The general form of an enumeration type are:

enum enum-name { list of names } var-list; 

Here, enum-name is the name of the enumerated type. Name list {list of names} are separated by commas.

For example, the following code defines a color enumeration variable c of type color. Finally, c is assigned the value "blue".

enum color { red, green, blue } c;
c = blue;

By default, the value is 1, the third name value is 0, the second name is the first name is 2, and so on. However, you can also give the name given to a special value, just add an initial value. For example, in the followingenumeration, green value of 5.

enum color { red, green=5, blue };

Here, blue is 6, because by default, each name will be more than it is in front of a big name 1.